Definitions
"Customer" means different things
Across teams with no shared standard
Terminology
SKU vs. product code
Finance and supply chain speak different languages
Format
Date, currency, units vary
Across systems with no common format
Calculation
Invoice totals computed differently
Same metric, different math
Extraction
Contract fields pulled inconsistently
Across multiple platforms
Metadata
Present in one app, missing in another
No consistent record of context